N-糖基化天线延长
中文名称
通路描述
N-糖基化后，在决定形成复杂或混合N-糖基化时，会进一步修饰。涉及代谢反应的精确网络结构复杂，尚未得到实验验证。我们将展示已知参与N-糖基化反应的每个基因的通用反应。为了更准确地注释合成复杂和混合N-糖基化涉及的反应和基因，我们推荐使用糖基因数据库（Ito H.等，2010）（http://riodb.ibase.aist.go.jp/rcmg/ggdb/textsearch.jsp）对基因进行注释，以及功能基因组学联盟（http://riodb.ibase.aist.go.jp/rcmg/ggdb/textsearch.jsp）对糖结构和反应进行注释。此外，该网络结构的计算推断预测可通过软件GlycoVis（Hossler P.等，2006）获得。
英文描述
Alpha-defensins Humans have 7 alpha defensin genes plus 5 pseudogenes (see HGNC at http://www.genenames.org/genefamilies/DEFA). Alpha-defensins have six cysteines linked 1-6, 2-4, 3-5. The canonical sequence of alpha-defensins in humans is x1-2CXCRx2-3Cx3Ex3GxCx3Gx5CCx1-4, where x represents any amino acid residue.
Human alpha-defensins 1-4 are often called human neutrophil peptides (HNP1-4) as they were initially identified in neutrophil primary (azurophilic) granules. Alpha-defensins 5 and 6 (HD5, HD6) are products of Paneth cells. HNP-1 and -3 peptides are 30 residues long, differing only in the first amino acid. They are encoded by the genes DEFA1 and DEFA3 respectively. These exhibit copy number polymorphism, with some individuals having 4-14 copies per diploid genome, while 10-37% of individuals have no copies of DEFA3 (Aldred et al. 2005, Linzmier & Ganz 2005, Ballana et al. 2007). HNP-4, encoded by DEFA4, is 33 amino acids long of which 22 differ from the other HNPs (Wilde et al. 1989). It is a minor component of neutrophil granules compared to HNP1-3. In contrast to DEFA1 and DEFA3, the genes for HNP-4, HD-5 and HD-6 are only found as two copies per diploid genome (Linzmeier & Ganz 2005). HNP-2 is 29 amino acids in length and is the proteolytic product of cleavage of the N-terminal amino acid from either HNP-1 and/or HNP-3 (Selsted et al. 1985).
Human alpha-defensins 1-4 are often called human neutrophil peptides (HNP1-4) as they were initially identified in neutrophil primary (azurophilic) granules. Alpha-defensins 5 and 6 (HD5, HD6) are products of Paneth cells. HNP-1 and -3 peptides are 30 residues long, differing only in the first amino acid. They are encoded by the genes DEFA1 and DEFA3 respectively. These exhibit copy number polymorphism, with some individuals having 4-14 copies per diploid genome, while 10-37% of individuals have no copies of DEFA3 (Aldred et al. 2005, Linzmier & Ganz 2005, Ballana et al. 2007). HNP-4, encoded by DEFA4, is 33 amino acids long of which 22 differ from the other HNPs (Wilde et al. 1989). It is a minor component of neutrophil granules compared to HNP1-3. In contrast to DEFA1 and DEFA3, the genes for HNP-4, HD-5 and HD-6 are only found as two copies per diploid genome (Linzmeier & Ganz 2005). HNP-2 is 29 amino acids in length and is the proteolytic product of cleavage of the N-terminal amino acid from either HNP-1 and/or HNP-3 (Selsted et al. 1985).
所含基因
9 个基因