Toll 样受体 9 (TLR9) 级联
中文名称
通路描述
CpG DNA 是一种不寻常的病原体相关分子模式 (PAMP)。细胞内的甲基化存在于哺乳动物细胞中，但细菌细胞中不存在，且哺乳动物基因组中大多数 (但不是全部) CpG 是甲基化的。因此，未甲基化的 CpG DNA 可能信号微生物感染的存在。人类和老鼠中已证明 CpG 被 TLR9 识别的证据，这种信号传导需要其内吞进入晚期内溶酶/溶酶体 compartment。据报道，TLR9 能够区分不同类型的 CpG 基序，因此它可能直接识别 CpG DNA。随着进化时间的推移，不同物种中表达的 TLR9 分子发生了分化。这导致了不同动物先天免疫系统最优刺激精确基序 (CpG 二核苷酸及其侧翼区域) 的差异。
英文描述
Toll Like Receptor 9 (TLR9) Cascade CpG DNA is an unusual Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP). Cytosine methylation exists in mammalian but not bacterial cells, and most (but not all) CpG in the mammalian genome is methylated. Therefore, unmethylated CpG DNA may signal the presence of microbial infection. Evidence of CpG recognition by TLR9 was demonstrated both in human and mouse, and this type of signaling requires its internalization into late endosomal/lysosomal compartments. TLR9 has been reported to be able to discern different types of CpG motifs, and therefore that it presumably recognizes CpG DNA directly. It appears that over evolutionary periods, TLR9 molecules expressed by different species have diverged. This has led to differences in the precise sequence motif (CpG dinucleotide plus flanking regions) that optimally stimulate the innate immune system of different animals.
所含基因
5 个基因