HIV 病毒颗粒结合与进入
中文名称
通路描述
HIV 通过细胞表面融合进入细胞，导致感染。HIV 的包膜蛋白（Env）介导进入。Env 由表面亚基 gp120 和跨膜亚基 gp41 组成，它们在病毒颗粒表面组装成异三聚体。病毒颗粒表面的三聚体表面 gp120 蛋白（SU）与宿主细胞上的 CD4 结合，诱导构象变化，促进与选择化学趋化受体 CCR5 和 CXCR4 的结合。SU、CD4 和化学趋化核心受体之间的序贯相互作用促使跨膜 gp41 发生构象变化。这种螺旋线圈蛋白在病毒颗粒膜上组装成三聚体，弹簧打开以投射三个肽融合结构域，将靶细胞脂质双分子层“刺入”。当 gp41 的细胞外部分形成发夹结构（也称为“螺旋线圈束”）时，形成发夹结构，促进病毒颗粒和靶细胞膜融合，使它们靠得很近。病毒颗粒和靶细胞膜融合导致 HIV 病毒核心释放到细胞内。
英文描述
Binding and entry of HIV virion HIV enters cells by fusion at the cell surface, that results in a productive infection. The envelope (Env) protein of HIV mediates entry. Env is composed of a surface subunit, gp120, and a transmembrane subunit, gp41, which assemble as heterotrimers on the virion surface.The trimeric, surface gp120 protein (SU) on the virion engages CD4 on the host cell, inducing conformational changes that promote binding to select chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4.
The sequential interplay between SU, CD4 and chemokine coreceptors prompts a conformational change in the transmembrane gp41. This coiled coil protein, assembled as a trimer on the virion membrane, springs open to project three peptide fusion domains that 'harpoon' the lipid bilayer of the target cell. A hairpin structure (also referred to as a "coiled coil bundle") is subsequently formed when the extracellular portion of gp41 collapses, and this hairpin formation promotes the fusion of virion and target cell membranes by bringing them into close proximity. Virion and target cell membrane fusion leads to the release of HIV viral cores into the cell interior.
The sequential interplay between SU, CD4 and chemokine coreceptors prompts a conformational change in the transmembrane gp41. This coiled coil protein, assembled as a trimer on the virion membrane, springs open to project three peptide fusion domains that 'harpoon' the lipid bilayer of the target cell. A hairpin structure (also referred to as a "coiled coil bundle") is subsequently formed when the extracellular portion of gp41 collapses, and this hairpin formation promotes the fusion of virion and target cell membranes by bringing them into close proximity. Virion and target cell membrane fusion leads to the release of HIV viral cores into the cell interior.
所含基因
5 个基因