透明质酸降解
中文名称
通路描述
透明质酸（HA）的周转可在组织原发部位局部发生，细胞将其摄取进行降解，或释放至淋巴系统和血管系统，由肝脏和肾脏将其消除。HA 进入细胞进行降解涉及受体介导的过程。一旦 HA 进入溶酶体，酸性条件有利于透明质酸酶将其切割成小寡糖，最常见的尺寸是四糖。β-葡萄糖醛酸酶参与溶酶体内小寡糖的降解。最终，HA 被降解为其组成成分（葡萄糖醛酸和 N-乙酰葡萄糖胺），当从溶酶体释放后，这些成分可重新形成许多糖胺聚糖（GAGs）。人类体内总 HA 含量的三分之一每天被周转，其在循环中的半衰期很短，在组织中可达数天。身体快速消除 HA 的原因尚不清楚，但一种可能的解释是 HA 作为活性氧（ROS）清除剂的作用。去除这些有毒化合物可以解释 HA 的快速消除（Lepperdinger et al. 2004, Menzel & Farr 1998, Erickson & Stern 2012, Stern 2003）。人类中有七种不同的透明质酸酶（HAases）：HYAL1、HYAL2、HYAL3、SPAM1 和 CEMIP（参见 Liu et al., 2024）。
英文描述
Hyaluronan degradation Hyaluronan (HA) turnover can occur locally at the tissue of origin, where it is taken up by cells to be degraded, or released into the lymphatic and vascular systems, where it can be eliminated by the liver and kidneys. Uptake of HA into cells for degradation involves receptor-mediated processes. Once HA enters lysosomes, the acidic conditions favour hyaluronidases to cleave it into small oligosaccharides, the most common size being a tetrasaccharide. Beta-glucuronidases participate in degrading the small oligosaccharides in the lysosome. Ultimately, HA is degraded into its constituent sugars (glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine) which can be used to reform many glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) when released from the lysosome.
A third of the total HA content in humans is turned over daily and it has a short half life of minutes in circulation up to days in many tissues. The reasons why the body eliminates HA so rapidly are unknown but one possible explanation could be HA's role as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. Removing these toxic compounds could explain the rapid elimination of HA (Lepperdinger et al. 2004, Menzel & Farr 1998, Erickson & Stern 2012, Stern 2003).
There are seven different hyaluronidases (HAases) in humans: HYAL1, HYAL2, HYAL3, SPAM1, and CEMIP (reviewed in Liu et al., 2024).
A third of the total HA content in humans is turned over daily and it has a short half life of minutes in circulation up to days in many tissues. The reasons why the body eliminates HA so rapidly are unknown but one possible explanation could be HA's role as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. Removing these toxic compounds could explain the rapid elimination of HA (Lepperdinger et al. 2004, Menzel & Farr 1998, Erickson & Stern 2012, Stern 2003).
There are seven different hyaluronidases (HAases) in humans: HYAL1, HYAL2, HYAL3, SPAM1, and CEMIP (reviewed in Liu et al., 2024).
所含基因
15 个基因