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DEx/H-box helicases activate type I IFN and inflammatory cytokines production

Reactome ID: R-HSA-3134963

中文名称

PKR介导的信号通路

通路描述

PKR(EIF2AK2)主要通过磷酸化eIF2α来抑制细胞蛋白翻译,从而阻止GDP-eIF2到GTP-eIF2的回收,这是帽依赖性翻译起始所必需的。PKR在低水平中基线表达,并通过干扰素α/β信号上调。PKR主要定位于细胞质,少量位于细胞核(Tian & Mathews 2001)。PKR于1970年代被发现(Friedman et al, 1972; Kerr et al., 1977)。其激活特征为单体/二聚体平衡向二聚体偏移,随后发生自磷酸化(reviewed by Sadler & Williams, 2007; Bou-Nader et al, 2019)。可能的激活因子包括病毒dsRNA与PKR dsRNA结合域的结合(reviewed by Nallagatla et al, 2011),以及细胞蛋白(ISG15, PACT, DCP1A)和肝素(Patel & Sen, 1998; Dougherty et al., 2014; George et al., 1996; Fasciano et al., 2005;综述:Zhang et al, 2021)。因此,PKR介导的通用翻译关闭可由病毒感染和细胞对压力刺激的整合反应共同促进(reviewed by Pizzinga et al, 2019; Costa-Mattioli & Walter, 2020)。除了通过eIF2α介导的翻译关闭外,PKR还通过磷酸化NFAR蛋白影响翻译;它还能磷酸化RNA解旋酶A、CDC2和MKK6,从而调节RNA代谢、G2阻滞和p38 MAPK激活。此外,PKR可结合TRAF蛋白、IkappaB激酶复合物、GSK-3β和多种炎症小体成分,导致NF-κB激活、Tau磷酸化、凋亡和炎症小体激活(reviewed by Gil & Esteban, 2000; Garcia et al, 2007; Pindel & Sadler, 2011; Marchal et al, 2014; Yim & Williams, 2014; McKey et al, 2021)。
英文描述
DEx/H-box helicases activate type I IFN and inflammatory cytokines production DHX36 and DHX9 are aspartate-glutamate-any amino acid aspartate/histidine (DExD/H) box helicase (DHX) proteins that localize in the cytosol. The DHX RNA helicases family includes a large number of proteins that are implicated in RNA metabolism. Members of this family, RIG-1 and MDA5, have been shown to sense a non-self RNA leading to type I IFN production. RNA helicases DHX36 and DHX9 were found to trigger host responses to non-self DNA in MyD88-dependent manner. DHX36 sensed CpG class A, while DHX9 sensed CpG class B. Both DHX36 and DHX9 were critical for antiviral immune responses in viral DNA-stimulated human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) (Kim T et al. 2010).

所含基因

7 个基因