PCP/CE 途径
中文名称
通路描述
细胞平面极性（PCP）途径控制细胞平面内极性的建立。PCP 最初在果蝇中被表征，其中它控制眼睛中毛刷和光感受器的排列（综述：Maung 和 Jenny, 2011）。在脊椎动物中，PCP 调节汇聚延伸（CE，一种组织沿一个轴变窄并沿垂直轴延伸的过程）、神经管闭合、毛刷定向和内耳发育等（综述：Seifert 和 Mlodzik, 2007）。果蝇中的研究确定了 PCP 基因的核心组，包括 Frizzled（Fz）、Flamingo（Fmi）、Van Gogh（Vang）、Dishevelled（Dsh）、Prickle（Pk）和 Diego（Dgo），其产物在 PCP 启动时在细胞中不对称定位（综述：Maung 和 Jenny, 2011）。随后的脊椎动物研究表明，许多这些 PCP 基因是保守的。与果蝇不同，PCP 途径的上游信号尚未定义，在脊椎动物中，许多所谓的‘非经典’WNT 已被证明在 PCP 过程中发挥作用。WNT5B 和 WNT11 都是胚胎发育过程中汇聚延伸所必需的，WNT5A 在耳蜗和正在发育的肢芽中与 VANGL2 物理和遗传相互作用（Heisenberg 等, 2000; Rauch 等, 1997; Qian 等, 2007; Gao 等, 2011）。WNT 配体可以结合 FZD 受体或单跨膜蛋白 RYK 或 ROR，具体取决于上下文（综述：Green 等, 2008; Fradkin 等, 2010）。尽管下游通路尚未明确，但脊椎动物 PCP 信号似乎至少部分通过 DVL、DAAM1 和小 GTP 酶来重塑肌动蛋白细胞骨架（综述：Lai 等, 2009; Gao 等, 2012）。
英文描述
PCP/CE pathway The planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway controls the establishment of polarity within the plane of a sheet of cells. PCP was initially characterized in Drosophila, where it controls the arrangement of hair bristles and photoreceptors in the eye (reviewed in Maung and Jenny, 2011). In vertebrates, PCP regulates convergent extension (CE, a process by which a tissue narrows along one axis and lengthens along a perpendicular one), closure of the neural tube, hair orientation and inner ear development, among others (reviewed in Seifert and Mlodzik, 2007). Studies in Drosophila identified a core group of PCP genes including Frizzled (Fz), Flamingo (Fmi), Van Gogh (Vang), Dishevelled (Dsh), Prickle (Pk) and Diego (Dgo), whose products become asymmetrically localized in the cell upon initiation of PCP (reviewed Maung and Jenny, 2011). Subsequent studies in vertebrates have shown that many of these PCP genes are conserved.
Unlike in Drosophila, where the upstream signal for the PCP pathway has not been defined, in vertebrates, a number of so-called 'non-canonical' WNTs have been shown to have roles in PCP processes. WNT5B and WNT11 are both required for CE during gastrulation, and WNT5A physically and genetically interacts with VANGL2 in the inner ear and the developing limb bud (Heisenberg et al, 2000; Rauch et al, 1997; Qian et al, 2007; Gao et al, 2011). WNT ligand can be bound by one of a number of FZD receptors or the single pass transmembrane proteins RYK or ROR, depending on context (reviewed in Green et al, 2008; Fradkin et al, 2010). Although the downstream pathway is not well established, vertebrate PCP signaling appears to work at least in part through DVL, DAAM1 and small GTPases to remodel the actin cytoskeleton (reviewed in Lai et al, 2009; Gao et al, 2012).
Unlike in Drosophila, where the upstream signal for the PCP pathway has not been defined, in vertebrates, a number of so-called 'non-canonical' WNTs have been shown to have roles in PCP processes. WNT5B and WNT11 are both required for CE during gastrulation, and WNT5A physically and genetically interacts with VANGL2 in the inner ear and the developing limb bud (Heisenberg et al, 2000; Rauch et al, 1997; Qian et al, 2007; Gao et al, 2011). WNT ligand can be bound by one of a number of FZD receptors or the single pass transmembrane proteins RYK or ROR, depending on context (reviewed in Green et al, 2008; Fradkin et al, 2010). Although the downstream pathway is not well established, vertebrate PCP signaling appears to work at least in part through DVL, DAAM1 and small GTPases to remodel the actin cytoskeleton (reviewed in Lai et al, 2009; Gao et al, 2012).
所含基因
14 个基因