活化的人类 TAK1 介导的 JNK (c-Jun 激酶) 磷酸化和激活
中文名称
通路描述
c-Jun 氨基末端激酶 (JNKs) 是一个进化上保守的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶家族，属于细胞生长激活蛋白激酶家族 (MAPKs - 也称为应激激活蛋白激酶，SAPKs)。JNK 通路由热休克、炎症细胞因子或紫外线辐射激活。JNKs 由至少三个基因编码：JNK1/SAPK-γ、JNK2/SAPK-α和 JNK3/SAPK-β。前两种普遍表达，而 JNK3 蛋白主要存在于大脑和较少存在于心脏和睾丸。由于替代基因剪接，所有细胞表达 JNK 的不同活性形式，大小从 46 到 55 kDa。这些不同产品的序列比对显示出 >80% 的同源性。尽管相似性如此，但多个 JNK 同工型在结合和磷酸化不同靶蛋白的能力上存在差异，从而导致独特的细胞过程：诱导凋亡，或增强细胞存活，或增殖。JNK 的激活由活化的 TAK1 介导，它磷酸化两种双特异性酶 MKK4 (MAPK 激酶 4) 和 MKK7 (MAPK 激酶 7)。
英文描述
JNK (c-Jun kinases) phosphorylation and activation mediated by activated human TAK1 C-Jun NH2 terminal kinases (JNKs) are an evolutionarily conserved family of serine/threonine protein kinases, that belong to mitogen activated protein kinase family (MAPKs - also known as stress-activated protein kinases, SAPKs). The JNK pathway is activated by heat shock, or inflammatory cytokines, or UV radiation. The JNKs are encoded by at least three genes: JNK1/SAPK-gamma, JNK2/SAPK-alpha and JNK3/ SAPK-beta. The first two are ubiquitously expressed, whereas the JNK3 protein is found mainly in brain and to a lesser extent in heart and testes. As a result of alternative gene splicing all cells express distinct active forms of JNK from 46 to 55 kDa in size. Sequence alignment of these different products shows homologies of >80%. In spite of this similarity, the multiple JNK isoforms differ in their ability to bind and phosphorylate different target proteins, thus leading to the distinctive cellular processes: induction of apoptosis, or enhancment of cell survival, or proliferation.Activation of JNKs is mediated by activated TAK1 which phosphorylates two dual specificity enzymes MKK4 (MAPK kinase 4) and MKK7(MAPK kinase 7).
所含基因
19 个基因