Sphingolipid de novo 生物合成
中文名称
通路描述
糖脂生物合成基于 salvage 途径和从头合成途径。Sphingoid-1-phosphate 信号分子通过相同的途径合成，始于脂肪酸转移到丝氨酸。产物多样性源于脂肪酸侧链的后级脱氢或羟基化，以及不同长度脂肪酸的使用。生物合成发生在内质网腔和细胞质中。脂溶性产物通过 CERT1 转运蛋白或分泌途径运输到其他膜中。可溶性 Sphingoid-1-phosphates 通过多种膜转运蛋白在细胞外被导出（综述：Merrill 2002, Gault 等 2010）。
英文描述
tRNA modification in the nucleus and cytosol At least 92 distinct tRNA nucleotide base modifications have been found. The modifications are made post-transcriptionally by a large group of disparate enzymes located in the nucleus, cytosol, and mitochondria (reviewed in Boschi-Muller and Motorin 2013, Jackman and Alfonzo 2013, Gu et al. 2014, Helm and Alfonzo 2014, Li and Mason 2014). Modifications near the anticodon and near the 3' end affect interaction of the tRNA with ribosomes and tRNA synthetases, respectively, while modifications in other regions of the tRNA affect folding and stability of the tRNA (reviewed in Hou et al. 2015). Mutations in tRNA modification enzymes are associated with human diseases (reviewed in Sarin and Leidel 2014, Torres et al. 2014).
所含基因
37 个基因