TP53 调节 DNA 修复基因的转录
中文名称
通路描述
几种 DNA 修复基因含有 p53 反应元件,其转录由 TP53(p53)正调控。TP53 介导的调控可能确保在诱变应激下 DNA 修复基因的水平增加。TP53 直接刺激参与 DNA 错配修复的几种基因的转录,包括 MSH2(Scherer 等人 2000, Warnick 等人 2001)、PMS2 和 MLH1(Chen 和 Sadowski 2005)。TP53 也直接刺激 DDB2 的转录,该基因参与核苷酸切除修复(Tan 和 Chu 2002),以及 FANCC 的转录,该基因参与修复 DNA 双链交联的 Fanconi 贫血途径(Liebetrau 等人 1997)。其他可影响 DNA 修复功能的 p53 靶基因包括 RRM2B(Kuo 等人 2012)、XPC(Fitch 等人 2003)、GADD45A(Amundson 等人 2002)、CDKN1A(Cazzalini 等人 2010)和 PCNA(Xu 和 Morris 1999)。有趣的是,一些 DNA 修复基因对 p53 激活的响应已在人类细胞中显示,但并非对于同源小鼠基因(Jegga 等人 2008, Tan 和 Chu 2002)。与核苷酸切除修复(NER)和错配修复(MMR)的正向调节相反,p53 可通过下调内切酶 APEX1(APE1)来负向调节碱基切除修复(BER),并与 SP1 协同作用(Poletto 等人 2016)。几种 DNA 修复基因的表达受间接 TP53 控制,通过 TP53 介导的环素 K(CCNK)表达刺激(Mori 等人 2002)。CCNK 是 CDK12 和 CDK13 的激活型环素。CCNK 和 CDK12 的复合物结合并磷酸化 RNA 聚合酶 II 亚基 POLR2A 的 C 末端结构域,这对于高效转录长 DNA 修复基因(包括 BRCA1、ATR、FANCD2、FANCI、ATM、MDC1、CHEK1 和 RAD51D)是必要的。受 CCNK 和 CDK12 复合物调控的基因主要涉及 DNA 双链断裂的修复和/或 Fanconi 贫血途径(Blazek 等人 2011, Cheng 等人 2012, Bosken 等人 2014, Bartkowiak 和 Greenleaf 2015, Ekumi 等人 2015)。
英文描述
TP53 Regulates Transcription of DNA Repair Genes Several DNA repair genes contain p53 response elements and their transcription is positively regulated by TP53 (p53). TP53-mediated regulation probably ensures increased protein level of DNA repair genes under genotoxic stress.TP53 directly stimulates transcription of several genes involved in DNA mismatch repair, including MSH2 (Scherer et al. 2000, Warnick et al. 2001), PMS2 and MLH1 (Chen and Sadowski 2005). TP53 also directly stimulates transcription of DDB2, involved in nucleotide excision repair (Tan and Chu 2002), and FANCC, involved in the Fanconi anemia pathway that repairs DNA interstrand crosslinks (Liebetrau et al. 1997). Other p53 targets that can influence DNA repair functions are RRM2B (Kuo et al. 2012), XPC (Fitch et al. 2003), GADD45A (Amundson et al. 2002), CDKN1A (Cazzalini et al. 2010) and PCNA (Xu and Morris 1999). Interestingly, the responsiveness of some of these DNA repair genes to p53 activation has been shown in human cells but not for orthologous mouse genes (Jegga et al. 2008, Tan and Chu 2002). Contrary to the positive modulation of nucleotide excision repair (NER) and mismatch repair (MMR), p53 can negatively modulate base excision repair (BER), by down-regulating the endonuclease APEX1 (APE1), acting in concert with SP1 (Poletto et al. 2016).Expression of several DNA repair genes is under indirect TP53 control, through TP53-mediated stimulation of cyclin K (CCNK) expression (Mori et al. 2002). CCNK is the activating cyclin for CDK12 and CDK13 (Blazek et al. 2013). The complex of CCNK and CDK12 binds and phosphorylates the C-terminal domain of the RNA polymerase II subunit POLR2A, which is necessary for efficient transcription of long DNA repair genes, including BRCA1, ATR, FANCD2, FANCI, ATM, MDC1, CHEK1 and RAD51D. Genes whose transcription is regulated by the complex of CCNK and CDK12 are mainly involved in the repair of DNA double strand breaks and/or the Fanconi anemia pathway (Blazek et al. 2011, Cheng et al. 2012, Bosken et al. 2014, Bartkowiak and Greenleaf 2015, Ekumi et al. 2015).
所含基因
61 个基因
ATF2
ATM
ATR
BRCA1
CCNH
CCNK
CCNT1
CCNT2
CDK12
CDK13
CDK7
CDK9
CHEK1
CTDP1
DDB2
ELL
ERCC2
ERCC3
FANCC
FANCD2
FANCI
FOS
GTF2F1
GTF2F2
GTF2H1
GTF2H2
GTF2H3
GTF2H4
GTF2H5
JUN
MDC1
MLH1
MNAT1
MSH2
NELFA
NELFB
NELFCD
NELFE
PMS2
POLR2A
POLR2B
POLR2C
POLR2D
POLR2E
POLR2F
POLR2G
POLR2H
POLR2I
POLR2J
POLR2K
POLR2L
RAD51D
SSRP1
SUPT16H
SUPT4H1
TCEA1
TCEB1
TCEB2
TCEB3
TCEB3B
TP53