RAF 信号通路因激酶失活 BRAF 的悖论性激活
中文名称
通路描述
虽然 BRAF V600E 突变体抑制剂在 BRAF V600E 突变存在的情况下抑制了 MAPK/ERK 激活,但在 WT BRAF 存在的情况下,使用抑制剂处理细胞后观察到 ERK 信号的反常激活(参见 Wan 等,2004;Garnett 等,2005;Heidorn 等,2010;Hazivassiliou 等,2010;Poulikakos 等,2010)。这种悖论性的 ERK 激活也见于表达失活或受损 BRAF 变体(如 D594V)的细胞中,这些变体在某些癌症中以低频率出现(参见 Wan 等,2004;Heidorn 等,2010)。与 BRAF V600E 不同,后者仅与激活的 RAS 突变相关,而失活 BRAF 与人类癌症中的 RAS 突变共现,且在有致癌 RAS 存在的情况下,失活 BRAF 存在下的 ERK 信号反常激活得到增强(参见 Heidorn 等,2010;参见 Holderfield 等,2014)。尽管细节尚待阐明,但失活 BRAF 存在下的悖论性 ERK 激活似乎依赖于 CRAF 的二聚化增强及其转激活(参见 Heidorn 等,2010;Hazivassiliou 等,2010;Poulikakos 等,2010;Roring 等,2012;Rajakulendran 等,2009;Holderfield 等,2013;Freeman 等,2013;参见 Roskoski 等,2010;Samatar 和 Poulikakos 等,2014;Lavoie 和 Therrien 等,2015)。RAF 抑制剂可通过破坏激酶域与其 N 端调节区之间的内源性相互作用来促进 RAF-RAS 相互作用和 RAF 二聚化的增强。此外,由于负协同效应,特定 BRAF 抑制剂只能占据一个转激活的 BRAF 二聚体中的一个,从而导致悖论性 ERK 激活(参见 Karoulia 等,2016;Jin 等,2017;参见 Karoulia 等,2017)。
英文描述
Paradoxical activation of RAF signaling by kinase inactive BRAF While BRAF-specific inhibitors inhibit MAPK/ERK activation in the presence of the BRAF V600E mutant, paradoxical activation of ERK signaling has been observed after treatment of cells with inhibitor in the presence of WT BRAF (Wan et al, 2004; Garnett et al, 2005; Heidorn et al, 2010; Hazivassiliou et al, 2010; Poulikakos et al, 2010). This paradoxical ERK activation is also seen in cells expressing kinase-dead or impaired versions of BRAF such as D594V, which occur with low frequency in some cancers (Wan et al, 2004; Heidorn et al, 2010). Unlike BRAF V600E, which occurs exclusively of activating RAS mutations, kinase-impaired versions of BRAF are coincident with RAS mutations in human cancers, and indeed, paradoxical activation of ERK signaling in the presence of inactive BRAF is enhanced in the presence of oncogenic RAS (Heidorn et al, 2010; reviewed in Holderfield et al, 2014). Although the details remain to be worked out, paradoxical ERK activation in the presence of inactive BRAF appears to rely on enhanced dimerization with and transactivation of CRAF (Heidorn et al, 2010; Hazivassiliou et al, 2010; Poulikakos et al, 2010; Roring et al, 2012; Rajakulendran et al, 2009; Holderfield et al, 2013; Freeman et al, 2013; reviewed in Roskoski, 2010; Samatar and Poulikakos, 2014; Lavoie and Therrien, 2015). RAF inhibitors can promote association of RAF-RAS interaction and enhanced RAF dimerization through disruption of intramolecular interactions between the kinase domain and its N-terminal regulatory region. Moreover, specific BRAF inhibitors can only occupy one protomer within the transcactivated BRAF dimer due to negative co-operativity leading to paradoxical ERK activation. (Karoulia et al, 2016; Jin et al, 2017, reviewed in Karoulia et al, 2017).
所含基因
41 个基因