抗菌肽
中文名称
通路描述
抗菌肽（AMPs）是一类具有广谱抗菌活性（针对细菌、病毒和真菌）的小分子重量蛋白质（参见 Zasloff 等，2002；Radek 和 Gallo 等，2007）。大多数已知的 AMPs 是带正电的肽类，具有共同的结构性特征，其中疏水性和带正电的氨基酸残基的空间排列形成亲水 - 疏水设计，这促进了它们与细菌膜的相互作用（参见 Shai 等，2002；Yeaman 和 Yount 等，2003；Brown 和 Hancock 等，2006；Dennison 等，2005；Zelezetsky 和 Tossi 等，2006）。通常认为，静电相互作用促进了带正电的肽类与带负电的细菌膜之间的初始结合。此外，AMPs 的结构性亲水 - 疏水特性被认为促进它们整合到致病细胞的脂质双分子层中，导致膜解离，最终导致微生物细胞死亡。除了带正电的 AMPs 外，在人类中发现了一些带负电的抗菌肽，但其作用机制尚待阐明（参见 Lai 等，2007；Harris 等，2009；Paulmann 等，2012）。除了对细菌的直接中和作用外，AMPs 还可调节适应性免疫细胞（中性粒细胞、T 细胞、巨噬细胞）以控制炎症并/或增加细菌清除。AMPs 也被称为带正电宿主防御肽、带负电抗菌肽/蛋白质、带正电亲水肽、带正电 AMPs、宿主防御肽和α-螺旋抗菌肽（参见 Brown 和 Hancock 等，2006；Harris 等，2009；Groenink 等，1999；Bradshaw 等，2003；Riedl 等，2011；Huang 等，2010）。Reactome 模块描述了各种类型的人类 AMPs（如 cathelicidin、histatins 和中性粒细胞丝氨酸蛋白酶）与宿主 - 病原体界面中保守的微生物膜相互作用事件。该模块还包括 dermcidin（DCD）和 cathelicidin（CAMP）的蛋白酶解事件，这些事件在切割后成为功能性。此外，该模块还强调了宿主在炎症部位控制金属配额的能力，以影响宿主 - 病原体相互作用。
英文描述
Antimicrobial peptides Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small molecular weight proteins with broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against bacteria, viruses, and fungi (Zasloff M 2002; Radek K & Gallo R 2007). The majority of known AMPs are cationic peptides with common structural characteristics where domains of hydrophobic and cationic amino acids are spatially arranged into an amphipathic design, which facilitates their interaction with bacterial membranes (Shai Y 2002; Yeaman MR & Yount NY 2003; Brown KL & Hancock RE 2006; Dennison SR et al. 2005; Zelezetsky I & Tossi A 2006). It is generally excepted that the electrostatic interaction facilitates the initial binding of the positively charged peptides to the negatively charged bacterial membrane. Moreover, the structural amphiphilicity of AMPs is thought to promote their integration into lipid bilayers of pathogenic cells, leading to membrane disintegration and finally to the microbial cell death. In addition to cationic AMPs a few anionic antimicrobial peptides have been found in humans, however their mechanism of action remains to be clarified (Lai Y et al. 2007; Harris F et al. 2009; Paulmann M et al. 2012). Besides the direct neutralizing effects on bacteria AMPs may modulate cells of the adaptive immunity (neutrophils, T-cells, macrophages) to control inflammation and/or to increase bacterial clearance.AMPs have also been referred to as cationic host defense peptides, anionic antimicrobial peptides/proteins, cationic amphipathic peptides, cationic AMPs, host defense peptides and alpha-helical antimicrobial peptides (Brown KL & Hancock RE 2006; Harris F et al. 2009; Groenink J et al. 1999; Bradshaw J 2003; Riedl S et al. 2011; Huang Y et al. 2010).The Reactome module describes the interaction events of various types of human AMPs, such as cathelicidin, histatins and neutrophil serine proteases, with conserved patterns of microbial membranes at the host-pathogen interface. The module includes also proteolytic processing events for dermcidin (DCD) and cathelicidin (CAMP) that become functional upon cleavage. In addition, the module highlights an AMP-associated ability of the host to control metal quota at inflammation sites to influence host-pathogen interactions.
所含基因
38 个基因