光转导通路的激活
中文名称
通路描述
视锥细胞级联从视紫红质（RHO）中11-顺式视黄醛（11cRAL）的光异构化为全反式视黄醛（atRAL）开始，诱导RHO发生构象变化至活性态，即类视紫红质II（MII）状态。MII激活转导素（Gt）G蛋白，进而激活磷酸二酯酶6（PDE6）。因此，细胞内cGMP浓度下降，导致cGMP依赖性阳离子通道（CNG通道）关闭，使杆状细胞超极化。这减少了或停止了突触小泡中的谷氨酸释放，从而向周围细胞传递吸收了多少光子的信号（Burns & Pugh 2010, Korenbrot 2012, Pugh & Lamb 1993）。
英文描述
Cholesterol biosynthesis via desmosterol (Bloch pathway) The transformation of zymosterol into cholesterol can follow either of routes, one in which reduction of the double bond in the isooctyl side chain is the final step (cholesterol synthesis via desmosterol, also known as the Bloch pathway) and one in which this reduction is the first step (cholesterol biosynthesis via lathosterol, also known as the Kandutsch-Russell pathway). The former pathway is prominent in the liver and many other tissues while the latter is prominent in skin, where it may serve as the source of the 7-dehydrocholesterol that is the starting point for the synthesis of D vitamins (Mitsche et al. 2015).
所含基因
10 个基因