糖酵解
中文名称
通路描述
糖酵解反应（例如 van Wijk 和 van Solinge 2005）将葡萄糖 6-磷酸转化为丙酮酸。整个过程发生在细胞质中。葡萄糖 6-磷酸可逆异构化为果糖 6-磷酸。磷酸果糖激酶 1 催化果糖 6-磷酸的可逆磷酸化，形成果糖 1,6-二磷酸。在六个可逆反应中，果糖 1,6-二磷酸被转化为两分子磷酸烯醇丙酮酸，两分子 NAD+ 被还原为 NADH + H+。每分子磷酸烯醇丙酮酸与 ADP 反应生成 ATP 和丙酮酸，这是一个生理上不可逆的反应。在 aerobic 条件下，NADH + H+ 可通过电子传递链重新氧化为 NAD+，以产生额外的 ATP；而在无氧条件下或缺乏线粒体的细胞中，丙酮酸可通过还原为乳酸再生 NAD+。
英文描述
Glycolysis The reactions of glycolysis (e.g., van Wijk and van Solinge 2005) convert glucose 6-phosphate to pyruvate. The entire process is cytosolic. Glucose 6-phosphate is reversibly isomerized to form fructose 6-phosphate. Phosphofructokinase 1 catalyzes the physiologically irreversible phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate to form fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. In six reversible reactions, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is converted to two molecules of phosphoenolpyruvate and two molecules of NAD+ are reduced to NADH + H+. Each molecule of phosphoenolpyruvate reacts with ADP to form ATP and pyruvate in a physiologically irreversible reaction. Under aerobic conditions the NADH +H+ can be reoxidized to NAD+ via electron transport to yield additional ATP, while under anaerobic conditions or in cells lacking mitochondria NAD+ can be regenerated via the reduction of pyruvate to lactate.
所含基因
30 个基因