丙酮酸代谢
中文名称
通路描述
丙酮酸位于能量代谢关键途径的交汇处。它是糖酵解的终产物，也是糖异生的起点，可由丙氨酸转氨基生成。丙酮酸脱氢酶复合体可将其转化为乙酰 CoA（Reed 和 Hackert 1990），后者可进入 TCA 循环，或作为长链脂肪酸、固醇和酮体合成的起点，取决于其形成时的组织状态和代谢状态。它在平衡身体各种组织的能量需求方面也起着中心作用。在氧气供应受限的条件下，例如在运动肌肉中，或缺乏线粒体的情况下，例如在红细胞中，糖酵解产生的 NADH 的再氧化无法与 ATP 生成偶联。相反，再氧化与丙酮酸还原为乳酸偶联。这种乳酸释放到血液中，主要被肝脏摄取，在那里被氧化为丙酮酸，可用于糖异生（Cori 1981）。最近的综述请参见 Prochownik 和 Wang, 2021。
英文描述
Pyruvate metabolism Pyruvate sits at an intersection of key pathways of energy metabolism. It is the end product of glycolysis and the starting point for gluconeogenesis and can be generated by the transamination of alanine. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex can convert it to acetyl CoA (Reed and Hackert 1990), which can enter the TCA cycle or serve as the starting point for the syntheses of long-chain fatty acids, steroids, and ketone bodies depending on the tissue and metabolic state in which it is formed. It also plays a central role in balancing the energy needs of various tissues in the body. Under conditions in which oxygen supply is limiting, e.g., in exercising muscle, or in the absence of mitochondria, e.g., in red blood cells, re-oxidation of NADH produced by glycolysis cannot be coupled to the generation of ATP. Instead, re-oxidation is coupled to the reduction of pyruvate to lactate. This lactate is released into the blood and taken up primarily by the liver, where it is oxidized to pyruvate and can be used for gluconeogenesis (Cori 1981). For a recent review, see Prochownik & Wang, 2021.
所含基因
19 个基因