酮体合成
中文名称
通路描述
在健康、营养充足的个体中，酮体的产生速率相对较低。在正常生理反应应对碳水化合物短缺期间，肝脏从脂肪酸氧化产生的乙酰辅酶A中增加酮体的产生。这使心脏和骨骼肌能够使用酮体作为主要能量来源，从而保留有限的葡萄糖供应用于脑组织。未经治疗的糖尿病中，由于脂肪酸氧化增加，酮体大量堆积。酮体的产生超过外周组织氧化它们的 ability，导致血液pH值降低。血液酸化是危险的，主要因为它损害血红蛋白结合氧的能力。酮体合成通过乙酰辅酶A在三个步骤中合成丙酮酸，然后还原为β-羟基丁酸。在体内，这些反应发生在肝脏细胞的线粒体中（Sass 2011）。
英文描述
Synthesis of Ketone Bodies In a healthy, well-nourished individual, the production of ketone bodies occurs at a relatively low rate. During periods of normal physiological responses to carbohydrate shortages, the liver increases the production of ketone bodies from acetyl-CoA generated from fatty acid oxidation. This allows heart and skeletal muscle to use ketone bodies as the primary source of energy, thereby preserving the limited glucose supply for use in brain tissue.In untreated diabetes mellitus, a huge buildup of ketone bodies occurs due to an increase in fatty acid oxidation. The production of ketone bodies exceeds the ability of peripheral tissues to oxidize them, and results in lowering the pH of blood. Blood acidification is dangerous, chiefly as it impairs the ability of hemoglobin to bind oxygen.Ketone body synthesis proceeds via the synthesis of ccetoacetic acid in three steps from acetyl CoA, followed by the reduction of acetoacetic acid to beta-hydroxybutyrate. In the body, these reactions occur in the mitochondria of liver cells (Sass 2011).
所含基因
8 个基因