NTPDase 蛋白水解磷酸键
中文名称
通路描述
外核苷酸三磷酸二磷酸酶（E-NTPDase 家族）包括 8 种酶：NTPDase1（由 ENTPD1 基因编码）、NTPDase2（由 ENTPD2 基因编码）、NTPDase3（由 ENTPD3 基因编码）、NTPDase4（由 ENTPD4 基因编码）、NTPDase5（由 ENTPD5 基因编码）、NTPDase6（由 ENTPD6 基因编码）、NTPDase7（由 ENTPD7 基因编码）和 NTPDase8（由 ENTPD8 基因编码）。NTPDase 水解核苷三磷酸和核苷二磷酸，产生相应的核苷一磷酸作为最终产物。不同家族成员对特定核苷酸具有不同的特异性。NTPDase 参与各种生物学过程，如凝血、免疫反应和神经系统发育。NTPDase 的催化结构域位于由 A 型酶保守区域簇形成的环中。所有家族成员都需要二价阳离子（如钙离子 Ca2+ 或镁离子 Mg2+）进行催化活性。水解涉及水分子对核苷酸底物末端磷酸基团的亲核攻击。E-NTPDase 家族所有成员都是跨膜蛋白，与细胞膜（NTPDase1、NTPDase2、NTPDase3 和 NTPDase8）或细胞器膜（NTPDase4 和 NTPDase7）相关联。NTPDase5 和 NTPDase6 可以通过从细胞膜上的蛋白酶解切割后分泌到细胞外空间。NTPDase 水解细胞外核苷酸，从而调节嘌呤能受体的配体可用性。糖基化和寡聚化参与 NTPDase 的调节，但尚未得到充分研究。关于 NTPDase 家族的综述，请参阅 Robson 等，2006 年和 Zimmermann 等，2012 年。
英文描述
Phosphate bond hydrolysis by NTPDase proteins The ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphatase (E-NTPDase family) of ectonucleotidases includes 8 enzymes: NTPDase1 (encoded by the ENTPD1 gene), NTPDase2 (encoded by the ENTPD2 gene), NTPDase3 (encoded by the ENTPD3 gene), NTPDase4 (encoded by the ENTPD4 gene), NTPDase5 (encoded by the ENTPD5 gene), NTPDase6 (encoded by the ENTPD6 gene), NTPDase7 (encoded by the ENTPD7 gene) and NTPDase8 (encoded by the ENTPD8 gene). NTPDases hydrolyze nucleoside triphosphates and nucleoside diphosphates, producing the corresponding nucleoside monophosphates as final products. Different family members show different specificity for particular nucleotides. NTPDases are involved in various biological processes, such as hemostasis, immune response and development of the nervous system.
The catalytic domain of NTPDases is contained within the loop formed by a cluster of apyrase conserved regions (ACRs). All family members require divalent cations, such as calcium (Ca2+) or magnesium (Mg2+) ions, for catalytic activity. The hydrolysis involves a nucleophilic attack of a water molecule on the terminal phosphate of a nucleotide substrate.
All E-NTPDase family members are transmembrane proteins, associated with either plasma membrane (NTPDase1, NTPDase2, NTPDase3 and NTPDase8) or organelle membranes (NTPDase4 and NTPDase7). Two family members, NTPDase5 and NTPDase6, can be secreted into extracellular space following a proteolytic cleavage from the plasma membrane. NTPDases hydrolyze exocytoplasmic nucleotides, thus regulating the availability of ligands for purinergic receptors. Glycosylation and oligomerization are involved in the regulation of NTPDases, but have not been thoroughly studied.For reviews of the NTPDase family, please refer to Robson et al. 2006 and Zimmermann et al. 2012.
The catalytic domain of NTPDases is contained within the loop formed by a cluster of apyrase conserved regions (ACRs). All family members require divalent cations, such as calcium (Ca2+) or magnesium (Mg2+) ions, for catalytic activity. The hydrolysis involves a nucleophilic attack of a water molecule on the terminal phosphate of a nucleotide substrate.
All E-NTPDase family members are transmembrane proteins, associated with either plasma membrane (NTPDase1, NTPDase2, NTPDase3 and NTPDase8) or organelle membranes (NTPDase4 and NTPDase7). Two family members, NTPDase5 and NTPDase6, can be secreted into extracellular space following a proteolytic cleavage from the plasma membrane. NTPDases hydrolyze exocytoplasmic nucleotides, thus regulating the availability of ligands for purinergic receptors. Glycosylation and oligomerization are involved in the regulation of NTPDases, but have not been thoroughly studied.For reviews of the NTPDase family, please refer to Robson et al. 2006 and Zimmermann et al. 2012.
所含基因
7 个基因