谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺代谢
中文名称
通路描述
这些反应介导从氨和 TCA 循环中间体合成谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺，并在禁食条件下利用这些氨基酸的碳原子合成葡萄糖。这些反应还提供了一种收集氮的方式，既作为氨还是作为氨基，并将其导向尿素合成。转氨基反应是将氨基酸转化为相应的 alpha-酮酸，同时与 2-氧代谷氨酸（alpha-酮戊二酸）转化为谷氨酸的反应，是大多数氨基酸分解代谢的第一步。转氨基反应是可逆的，因此也提供了一种在细胞内平衡各种氨基酸和 2-氧代（alpha-酮）酸浓度的方式（Felig 1975; Häussinger 1990; Owen et al. 1979）。
英文描述
Glutamate and glutamine metabolism These reactions mediate the synthesis of glutamate and glutamine from ammonia and TCA cycle intermediates and allow the utilization of the carbon atoms from these amino acids for glucose synthesis under fasting conditions. These reactions also provide a means to collect nitrogen, both as ammonia and as amino groups, and direct it towards urea synthesis. Transamination, the conversion of an amino acid to the corresponding alpha-keto acid coupled to the conversion of a molecule of 2-oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) to glutamate, is the first step in the catabolism of most amino acids. Transamination reactions are freely reversible so they also provide a means to balance concentrations of various amino acids and 2-oxo (alpha-keto) acids in the cell (Felig 1975; Häussinger 1990; Owen et al. 1979).
所含基因
12 个基因