脂滴组织
中文名称
通路描述
脂滴（LDs）是所有真核细胞中存在的细胞质结构，由磷脂单分子层包围着未带电脂质核心（如甘油三酯和固醇酯）组成。CIDEA、CIDEB 和 CIDEC 最初因其促进凋亡的作用而被研究，但它们也已知参与能量代谢（Chen et al. 2020）。CIDEA 和 C 结合脂滴并调节其扩大，从而限制脂解并促进储存（通过促进来自较小脂滴到较大脂滴的中性脂净转移）（Gao & Goodman 2015）。脂滴的形成涉及中性脂质从内质网（ER）合成位点向细胞质的分配。脂肪储存诱导的跨膜蛋白 1 和 2（FITM1 和 FITM2），与 ER 膜相关，介导 TAG 向 LD 的结合和分配。短链脱氢酶/还原酶（SDR）家族是一类大的 NAD- 或 NADP 依赖性氧化还原酶。13β-羟基固醇脱氢酶 13（HSD17B13）是一种最近发现的未知生理功能的酶，与脂滴相关，并在非酒精性脂肪肝患者中显著上调。缺氧诱导脂滴相关蛋白（HILPDA）是一种脂滴蛋白，刺激细胞内脂质积累。
英文描述
Lipid particle organization Lipid droplets (LDs) are cytosolic structures found in cells of all eukaryotes, comprising a monolayer of phospholipids surrounding a core of uncharged lipids such as triglyceride (TAG) and sterol esters. CIDEA, CIDEB and CIDEC were first studied for their roles in promotion of apoptosis but they are also known to play a role in energy metabolism (Chen et al. 2020). CIDEA and C bind to lipid droplets and regulate their enlargement, thereby restricting lipolysis and favouring storage (by promoting net neutral lipid transfer from smaller to larger lipid droplets) (Gao & Goodman 2015). LD formation involves the partitioning of neutral lipids from their site of synthesis at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cytosol. The fat storage-inducing transmembrane proteins 1 and 2 (FITM1 and FITM2), associated with the ER membrane, mediate binding and partitioning of TAGs into LDs. The short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family is a large family of NAD- or NADP-dependent oxidoreductase enzymes. 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13) is a recently-discovered enzyme of unknown physiological function that is associated with lipid droplets and significantly upregulated in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated protein (HILPDA) is a lipid droplet protein and stimulates intracellular lipid accumulation.
所含基因
6 个基因