嗅觉转导
中文名称
通路描述
在嗅觉感受器神经元（ORN）的紧凑纤毛内，一系列酶促活动将气味分子与受体的结合转化为可传递至大脑的电信号。气味分子与耦联嗅觉特异性Gs蛋白（G）的受体蛋白（R）结合并激活一种III型腺苷酸环化酶（AC），增加细胞内cAMP水平。cAMP靶向嗅觉特异性的环核苷酸门控离子通道（CNG），允许阳离子（特别是Na和Ca）顺着它们的电化学梯度流入细胞，导致去极化。此外，进入细胞的Ca能够激活一种Ca激活的氯通道，允许Cl流出细胞，从而进一步增加去极化。升高的细胞内Ca通过至少两个不同的分子步骤引起适应：通过CAMKII依赖的磷酸化抑制腺苷酸环化酶活性，以及下调CNG通道对cAMP的亲和力。
英文描述
Interleukin-15 signaling The high affinity Interleukin-15 receptor is a heterotrimer of Interleukin-15 receptor subunit alpha (IL15RA), Interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta (IL2RB, CD122) and Cytokine receptor common subunit gamma (IL2RG, CD132). IL2RB and IL2RG are also components of the Interleukin-2 (IL2) receptor. Treatment of human T cells with Interleukin-15 (IL15) results in tyrosine phosphorylation of Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 (JAK1, Janus kinase 1) and Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK3 (JAK3, Janus kinase 3) (Johnston et al. 1995, Winthrop 2017). IL15 can signal by a process termed 'trans presentation', where IL15 bound by IL15 on one cell is trans-presented to IL2RB:IL2RG on another cell (Dubois et al. 2002) but can also participate in more 'traditional' cis signaling (Wu et al. 2008, Mishra et al. 2014) where all the three receptors are present on the same cell. Stimulation of lymphocytes by IL15 release MAPK activation through GAB2/SHP2/SHC (GRB2-associated-binding protein 2/Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11/SHC transforming protein 1 or 2) cascade activation (Gadina et al. 2000).
所含基因
14 个基因