芳烃受体信号通路
中文名称
通路描述
芳烃受体(AHR)是一种受配体激活的转录因子,属于基本螺旋-环-螺旋/PER-ARNT-SIM 家族 DNA 结合蛋白,控制多种基因的表达。两种主要类型的环境化合物可激活 AHR 信号:卤代芳香烃如 2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并-d-呋喃(TCDD)和多环芳香烃(PAH)如苯并[a]芘。未结合配体的 AHR 在细胞质中与两个 90kD 热休克蛋白(HSP90AB1)复合物、一个 X 关联蛋白(AIP)和一个 p23 分子伴侣蛋白(PTGES3)形成复合物。配体结合和激活后,AHR 复合物转位至细胞核,解离从亚基上,与芳烃受体核转运蛋白(ARNT)二聚化,并通过在启动子区域结合外源物反应元件(XREs)来激活靶基因。AHR 靶向 I 相和 II 相代谢的基因,如细胞色素 P450 1A1(CYP1A1)、细胞色素 P450 1B1(CYP1B1)、NAD(P)H:醌氧化还原酶 I(NQO1)和醛脱氢酶 3(ALDH3A1)。这被认为是生物体对外源化学暴露的响应,通常,通过诱导这些酶的增加活性使外源化学物质变得不活泼,因此增加其活性(Beischlag 等,2008)。AHR 本身由芳烃受体抑制因子(AHRR,也称为 BHLHE77、KIAA1234)调节,这是一种进化上保守的 bHLH-PAS 蛋白,在许多物种中抑制外源物诱导的和持续活性的 AHR 转录活性。AHRR 主要位于细胞核中,它与 AHR 竞争结合 ARNT。因此,AHR:ARNT 和 AHRR:ARNT 复合物在靶基因上的 XRE 结合之间竞争,AHRR 可以抑制 AHR 的转录活性(Hahn 等,2009,Haarmann-Stemmann & Abel 2006)。
英文描述
Activated NTRK2 signals through CDK5 CDK5, in complex with its activator CDK5R1 (p35), binds to BDNF-activated NTRK2 (TRKB). NTRK2 promotes CDK5 catalytic activity by phosphorylating CDK5 at tyrosine residue Y15 (Cheung et al. 2007), although CDK5 can also be phosphorylated at Y15 independently of NTRK2 (Zhao et al. 2009). CDK5 phosphorylates serine residue S479 of NTRK2 (corresponds to S478 in mouse and rat) (Cheung et al. 2007, Zhao et al. 2009). Phosphorylation of NTRK2 at S479 is needed for BDNF-triggered dendritic growth (Cheung et al. 2007), hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and spatial memory (Lai et al. 2012). These processes involve NTRK2-mediated activation of RHO GTPases RAC1 (Lai et al. 2012) and possibly CDC42 (Cheung et al. 2007). In cultured isolated neurons, phosphorylation at S479 affects localization of NTRK2 (Zhao et al. 2009), but this does not appear to be the case in vivo (Lai et al. 2012).CDK5-mediated phosphorylation of NTRK2 was suggested to influence the level of AKT activity, downstream mTOR signaling and DLG4 (PSD-95) expression, but further elucidation is needed (Lai et al. 2012).Signaling by TRKB and CDK5 plays a role in inflammation induced hypersensitivity to heat-triggered pain in rats (Zhang et al. 2014).
所含基因
6 个基因