黏蛋白的 O-连接糖基化
中文名称
通路描述
黏蛋白是一类由大多数节肢动物的上皮组织产生的高分子量、高度糖基化的蛋白质(糖共价连接物)。黏蛋白的关键特征是能够形成凝胶,因此它们是大多数凝胶状分泌物的关键组成部分,发挥着润滑、细胞信号传导以及形成化学屏障等多种功能。迄今为止,约有 20 个基因表达黏蛋白。成熟的黏蛋白由两个不同的区域组成:(1) 氨基端和羧基端区域糖基化很轻,但富含半胱氨酸;半胱氨酸残基参与在黏蛋白单体内部和之间建立二硫键。(2) 一个富含丝氨酸、苏氨酸和脯氨酸残基的大中央区域,称为可变数量串联重复(VNTR)区域,可以形成数百个 O-半乳糖胺(O-GalNAc)糖基的 O-糖基化结构。N-乙酰半乳糖胺(GalNAc)是首先连接的糖,形成最简单的黏蛋白 O-糖。此后,有多种不同的途径产生“核心”结构。四种核心结构通常形成,但也有其他几种可能但很少见。O-连接的糖基通常被唾液酸残基的添加所封端,终止任何更多的 O-糖基化(Brockhausen et al, 2009; Tarp and Clausen, 2008)。
英文描述
Interleukin receptor SHC signaling Phosphorylation of Shc at three tyrosine residues, 239, 240 (Gotoh et al. 1996) and 317 (Salcini et al. 1994) involves unidentified tyrosine kinases presumed to be part of the activated receptor complex. These phosphorylated tyrosines subsequently bind SH2 signaling proteins such as Grb2, Gab2 and SHIP that are involved in the regulation of different signaling pathways. Grb2 can associate with the guanosine diphosphate-guanosine triphosphate exchange factor Sos1, leading to Ras activation and regulation of cell proliferation. Downstream signals are mediated via the Raf-MEK-Erk pathway.Grb2 can also associate through Gab2 with PI3K and with SHIP.
Figure reproduced from Gu, H. et al. 2000. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20(19):7109-7120
Copyright American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Figure reproduced from Gu, H. et al. 2000. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20(19):7109-7120
Copyright American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
所含基因
26 个基因