血红素信号
中文名称
通路描述
外周血红素是溶血产生的副产物，氧化后可释放其辅基血红素。血浆中含有蛋白质以清除血红素。估计血浆中释放的约 2-8% 的血红素具有生物活性，被旁观细胞内吞。如果细胞内的血红素氧化酶 1 和 2 的降解能力无法及时提升，血红素信号和反应性将导致细胞应激。血小板对血红素敏感，巨噬细胞会转向炎症类型。游离（易变）血红素在病理条件下如病毒感染、疟疾、ARDS 和 COPD 中在血液中大量积累。受局部影响的细胞主要反应是上调血红素氧化酶 1（HMOX1）的表达。HMOX1 的这种诱导不仅从循环中去除血红素，还触发功能向抗炎表型的转变。然而，血红素 scavenging 和降解系统可能因血红素的大量存在而超载。血红素促进血小板激活、补体激活、血管炎和血栓形成（Bourne et al, 2020; Merle et al, 2018）。血红素被识别为危险信号、损伤相关分子模式（DAMP）或警报素（Soares and Bozza, 2016），并显示出激活 Toll 样受体 4（TLR4）信号（Figueiredo et al, 2007; Janciauskiene et al, 2020）。它还作为昼夜节律系统的核心抑制因子（Ko and Takahashi, 2006）。BACH1 受血红素调节，因此血红素在高等真核生物中作为基因表达中的信号分子。BACH1 由血红素调节可能对一般应激反应很重要（Suzuki et al, 2004）。
英文描述
Postmitotic nuclear pore complex (NPC) reformation The NPC is reassembled during late anaphase/telophase when nascent nuclear membranes associate with the chromatin surfaces (reviewed by Wandke and Kutay 2013). Assembly of specific NPC proteins (nucleoporins) into the reforming NPC occurs in a temporally ordered fashion (reviewed by Otsuka and Ellenberg 2018). The GTPase RAN plays a central role in regulating NPC assembly during telophase, as well as earlier events in mitosis, such as mitotic spindle assembly (reviewed by Zierhut and Funabiki 2015). The active form of RAN (RAN:GTP), which is generated by the chromatin-associated RAN guanine nucleotide exchange factor RCC1, is converted to the inactive form (RAN:GDP) by the cytoplasmically localized RAN GTPase activating protein RANGAP1. During telophase, the elevated RAN:GTP near chromatin releases nucleoporins from complexes with nuclear transport receptors, including KPNB1/KPNA (importin alpha/beta) and TPNO1 (transportin), thereby liberating the nucleoporins for NPC assembly (reviewed by Forbes et al. 2015).
所含基因
25 个基因