缺陷的 F8 在 Y1699 位点的硫酸化
中文名称
通路描述
F8 硫酸化缺陷导致血友病 A(HA),这是一种由缺乏或功能缺陷的因子 VIII(FVIII)蛋白引起的出血性疾病,源于 F8 基因缺陷(Peyvandi F 等人,2016)。在健康个体中,FVIII 以 2351 个氨基酸的大型糖蛋白形式合成,具有离散的结构域:A1-A2-B-A3-C1-C2(Wood WI 等人,1984;Vehar GA 等人,1984;Toole JJ 等人,1984)。在合成后,FVIII 被转运至内质网腔,在此经历广泛的加工,包括信号肽的切割和天冬酰胺残基上的 N-连接糖基化(Kaufman RJ 等人,1988, 1997;Kaufman RJ 1998)。在内质网腔中,哺乳动物细胞的 FVIII 与蛋白伴侣蛋白 calnexin(CNX)、calreticulin(CRT)和免疫球蛋白结合蛋白(BiP 或 GRP78)相互作用,这些伴侣蛋白促进蛋白质折叠,以便转运至高尔基体 compartment(Marquette KA 等人,1995;Swaroop M 等人,1997;Pipe SW 等人,1998;Kaufman RJ 等人,1997;Kaufman RJ 1998)。从内质网到高尔基体腔的转运由 LMAN1 和多种联合因子缺陷 2(MCFD2)货物受体复合物促进(Zhang B 等人,2005;Zheng, C 等人,2010, 2013)。在高尔基体中,FVIII 进一步受到加工,包括 N-连接寡糖修饰为复合物型结构、O-连接糖基化以及特定酪氨酸残基的硫酸化(Kaufman RJ 1998)。从细胞分泌后,FVIII 在 B 区段的两个位点被切割,形成异二聚体,其中重链包含 A1-A2-B 域,与金属离子依赖的轻链(包含 A3-C1-C2 域)形成复合物(Kaufman RJ 等人,1997;Kaufman RJ 1998)。Reactome 事件描述了由于 F8 基因突变导致的分泌途径缺陷,可损害 FVIII 的合成、折叠、细胞内加工和运输,导致血浆 FVIII 蛋白缺乏或水平降低。该模块还包括 FVIII 在高尔基体中发生的缺陷后翻译酪氨酸硫酸化事件,这对于分泌的 FVIII 与血管性血友病因子(VWF)之间的最佳相互作用是必需的。
英文描述
Defective F8 sulfation at Y1699 Hemophilia A (HA) is a bleeding disorder caused by lack of or a defective factor VIII (FVIII) protein and results from defects in the F8 gene (Peyvandi F et al. 2016).In healthy individuals, FVIII is synthesized as a large glycoprotein of 2351 amino acids with a discrete domain structure: A1-A2-B-A3-C1-C2 (Wood WI et al. 1984; Vehar GA et al. 1984; Toole JJ et al. 1984). Upon synthesis, FVIII is translocated into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it undergoes extensive processing including cleavage of a signal peptide and N-linked glycosylation at asparagine residues (Kaufman RJ et al. 1988, 1997; Kaufman RJ 1998). In the ER lumen of mammalian cells FVIII interacts with the protein chaperones calnexin (CNX), calreticulin (CRT), and immunoglobulin-binding protein (BiP or GRP78) that facilitate proper folding of proteins prior to trafficking to the Golgi compartment (Marquette KA et al. 1995; Swaroop M et al. 1997; Pipe SW et al. 1998; Kaufman RJ et al. 1997; Kaufman RJ 1998). Trafficking from the ER to the Golgi compartment is facilitated by LMAN1 and multiple combined factor deficiency 2 (MCFD2) cargo receptor complex (Zhang B et al. 2005; Zheng, C et al. 2010, 2013). Within the Golgi apparatus, FVIII is subject to further processing, including modification of the N-linked oligosaccharides to complex-type structures, O-linked glycosylation, and sulfation of specific Tyr-residues (Kaufman RJ 1998). Upon secretion from the cell, FVIII is cleaved at two sites in the B-domain to form a heterodimer consisting of the heavy chain containing the A1-A2-B domains in a metal ion-dependent complex with the light chain consisting of the A3-C1-C2 domains (Kaufman RJ et al. 1997; Kaufman RJ 1998).The Reactome event describes defects within the secretory pathway due to mutations in the F8 gene that can impair FVIII synthesis, folding, intracellular processing and transport which result in a lack or reduced levels of the plasma FVIII protein. The module includes also an event of defective post-translational tyrosine sulfonation of FVIII in the Golgi apparatus that is required for the optimal interaction between the secreted FVIII and the von Willebrand factor (VWF).
所含基因
2 个基因