有丝分裂后核孔复合体重形成
中文名称
通路描述
核孔复合体（NPC）在晚期有丝分裂/末期重新组装，新生核膜与染色质表面结合（参考 Wandke 和 Kutay 2013）。特定 NPC 蛋白（核孔蛋白）在有序的时间顺序中组装到正在形成的 NPC 中（参考 Otsuka 和 Ellenberg 2018）。GTP 酶 RAN 在末期以及有丝分裂早期事件（如纺锤体组装）中调节 NPC 组装，并发挥核心作用（参考 Zierhut 和 Funabiki 2015）。活性形式的 RAN（RAN:GTP）由染色质关联的 RAN 鸟苷酸交换因子 RCC1 产生，被细胞质定位的 RAN GTP 酶激活蛋白 RANGAP1 转化为无活性形式（RAN:GDP）。在末期，染色质附近升高的 RAN:GTP 释放与核运输受体（包括导入蛋白 alpha/beta KPNB1/KPNA 和运输蛋白 TPNO1）结合的核孔蛋白，从而释放核孔蛋白以供 NPC 组装（参考 Forbes 等人 2015）。
英文描述
Replication of the SARS-CoV-2 genome This COVID-19 pathway has been created by a combination of computational inference from SARS-CoV-1 data (https://reactome.org/documentation/inferred-events) and manual curation, as described in the summation for the overall SARS-CoV-2 infection pathway. Steps of SARS-CoV-2 genome replication that have been studied directly include binding of the replication transcription complex (RTC) to the RNA template and the polymerase activity of nsp12 (Hillen et al. 2020, Wang et al. 2020, Yin et al. 2020), helicase activity of nsp13 (Chen et al. 2020, Ji et al. 2020, Shu et al. 2020), capping activity of nsp16 (Viswanathan et al. 2020), and polyadenylation of SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA (Kim et al. 2020). Replication is localized in double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) that are created by distortion of ER membranes (Cortese et al, 2020; Snijder et al, 2020). One host factor needed for formation of these replication organelles is phosphatidic acid (Tabata et al, 2021). Other steps have been inferred from previous studies in SARS-CoV-1 and related coronaviruses.
The plus strand RNA genome of the human SARS coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) is replicated by the viral replication-transcription complex (RTC) composed of nonstructural proteins nsp3-nsp16, encoded by open reading frames ORF1a and ORF1b. Two RTC proteins, nsp8 and nsp12, possess 5'-3' RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity. nsp12 is the main RNA polymerase, while nsp8 is thought to act as an RNA primase. nsp14 acts as a 3'-5' exonuclease, increasing the fidelity of the RTC. nsp14 also has the RNA capping activity and, in concert with nsp16, it caps viral plus strand and minus strand genomic and subgenomic RNAs, which confers stability to viral RNAs by enabling them to escape interferon-mediated innate immune responses of the host. nsp13 is an RNA helicase which is thought to melt secondary structures in the genomic RNA during replication and transcription. The plus strand genomic RNA is first used to synthesize the minus strand genomic RNA complement, which is subsequently used as a template for synthesis of plus strand viral RNA genomes that are packaged into mature virions. For review, please refer to Yang and Leibowitz 2015, Snijder et al. 2016, Fung and Liu 2019.
The plus strand RNA genome of the human SARS coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) is replicated by the viral replication-transcription complex (RTC) composed of nonstructural proteins nsp3-nsp16, encoded by open reading frames ORF1a and ORF1b. Two RTC proteins, nsp8 and nsp12, possess 5'-3' RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity. nsp12 is the main RNA polymerase, while nsp8 is thought to act as an RNA primase. nsp14 acts as a 3'-5' exonuclease, increasing the fidelity of the RTC. nsp14 also has the RNA capping activity and, in concert with nsp16, it caps viral plus strand and minus strand genomic and subgenomic RNAs, which confers stability to viral RNAs by enabling them to escape interferon-mediated innate immune responses of the host. nsp13 is an RNA helicase which is thought to melt secondary structures in the genomic RNA during replication and transcription. The plus strand genomic RNA is first used to synthesize the minus strand genomic RNA complement, which is subsequently used as a template for synthesis of plus strand viral RNA genomes that are packaged into mature virions. For review, please refer to Yang and Leibowitz 2015, Snijder et al. 2016, Fung and Liu 2019.
所含基因
4 个基因