毛囊间表皮中角质形成细胞的分化
中文名称
通路描述
毛囊间表皮是附属器（毛乳头、汗腺和皮脂腺）之间的皮肤表面层。从真皮 - 表皮交界处，毛囊间表皮层包括基底层（基底细胞层）、棘层（棘层）、颗粒层（颗粒层）和角化层（角化层）。基底层由角质形成细胞干细胞和增殖扩增细胞组成。棘层、颗粒层和角化层分别由棘层角质形成细胞、颗粒层角质形成细胞和角质细胞组成。毛囊间表皮具有高的细胞周转率。角质形成细胞干细胞在成年期自我更新并产生增殖扩增细胞。增殖扩增细胞经历几个细胞周期后才会分化为角质形成细胞，首先分化为棘层角质形成细胞，然后分化为颗粒层角质形成细胞，最后分化为角质细胞。角质细胞失去细胞核和细胞器，形成扁平的鳞状物，提供对病原体入侵和体液流失的物理屏障。有关详细的综述，请参阅 Zijl 等，2022 年，以及关于人类毛囊间表皮高分辨率视角的单细胞转录组和空间转录组研究，请参阅 Cheng 等，2018 年，Wang 等，2020 年，Aragona 等，2020 年，Haensel 等，2020 年，Negri 等，2023 年，和 Ganier 等，2024 年）。
英文描述
Differentiation of Keratinocytes in Interfollicular Epidermis in Mammalian Skin The interfollicular epidermis is the skin surface layer in between the adnexa (hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands). Going from the dermal epidermal junction, the interfollicular epidermis strata include the basal layer (stratum basale), spinous layer (stratum spinosum), granular layer (stratum granulosum), and the cornified layer (stratum corneum). The basal layer consists of keratinocyte stem cells and transit amplifying cells. The spinous, granular, and cornified layers consist of spinous keratinocytes, granular keratinocytes, and corneocytes, respectively. Interfollicular epidermis has a high cell turnover rate. Keratinocyte stem cells self renew throughout adulthood and give rise to transit amplifying cells. Transit amplifying cells undergo several cell cycles before committing to differentiation, first into spinous layer keratinocytes, then into granular layer keratinocytes, and finally into corneocytes. Corneocytes lose their nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles, forming flattened squames that provide a physical barrier against the invasion of pathogens and loss of bodily fluids. For a detailed review, please refer to Zijl et al. 2022, and for the single cell transcriptomic and spatial transcriptomic studies that provide a higher resolution view of human interfollicular epidermis, please refer to Cheng et al. 2018, Wang et al. 2020, Aragona et al. 2020, Haensel et al. 2020, Negri et al. 2023, and Ganier et al. 2024).
The cell lineage path of keratinocytes in interfollicular epidermis is depicted through four cell differentiation steps involving five distinct cellular states: keratinocyte stem cells of epidermal basal layer, transit amplifying cells, spinous keratinocytes, granular keratinocytes, and corneocytes. Each differentiation step is regulated by a distinct combination of regulatory molecules present in the microenvironment of differentiating cells.
The cell lineage path of keratinocytes in interfollicular epidermis is depicted through four cell differentiation steps involving five distinct cellular states: keratinocyte stem cells of epidermal basal layer, transit amplifying cells, spinous keratinocytes, granular keratinocytes, and corneocytes. Each differentiation step is regulated by a distinct combination of regulatory molecules present in the microenvironment of differentiating cells.
所含基因
39 个基因