RHOV GTPase 循环
中文名称
通路描述
RHOV（也称为 Chp）是一种独特的 RHO GTPase，由于其高内在的鸟苷酸交换活性而被认为是持续激活的。尚未发现作用于 RHOV 的鸟苷酸交换因子（GEFs）或 GTPase 激活蛋白（GAPs）。RHOV 的表达量极低。RHOV 的表达在鱼类胚胎发育、青蛙（Guémar et al. 2007）和鸡（Notarnicola et al. 2008）的胚胎发育期间被检测到。RHOV 参与神经嵴形成，其表达受 WNT 信号诱导。RHOV 被认为调节细胞粘附，其斑马鱼同源物对于 adherens junction 上 E-cadherin 和 beta-catenin 的正确定位至关重要。RHOV 激活 JNK 并诱导 PC12（大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤细胞系）和巨噬细胞凋亡（Shepelev et al. 2011; Song et al. 2015）。RHOV 基因过表达是人类肺腺癌的一个分子标志物（Shepelev and Korobko 2013; Shukla et al. 2017; Ma et al. 2020; Zhang et al. 2020），其中 RHOV 可能作为癌基因发挥作用（Chen et al. 2021）。如需综述，请参考 Faure and Fort 2015 和 Hodge and Ridley 2020。
英文描述
Dengue Virus Genome Translation and Replication The DENV Replication Complex (RC) contains all seven DENV nonstructural proteins, which catalyze the membrane-bending and genome replication processes. Its core consists of the NS3 and NS5 proteins that enable all replication steps from preparing the RNA template, to polymerization and capping. The other proteins create a suitable environment by bending the ER membrane to a nearly closed loop, which protects the RC while still allowing access to cytosolic resources (reviewed in Paranjape & Harris, 2009; Aktepe & Mackenzie, 2018; Tay & Vasudevan, 2018; Morita & Suzuki, 2021; van den Elsen et al., 2021).
The genetic material of the Dengue virus (DENV) is a positive sense single-strand RNA molecule (+ssRNA) that, upon release into the host cell cytosol, can directly be translated by host cell ribosomes (reviewed in Rodenhuis-Zybert et al. 2010). The translation of the DENV genomic RNA produces a single polyprotein that is co- and post-translationally cleaved by both viral and host proteases into three structural proteins (C, prM, E) and seven nonstructural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5) (reviewed in Rodenhuis-Zybert et al. 2010). The polyprotein's signal- and stop-transfer sequences direct its back-and-forth translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (reviewed in Rodenhuis-Zybert et al. 2010).
The DENV replication complex assembles at and is anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, where it forms specialized structures called replication vesicles or replication organelles (reviewed in Paul & Bartenschlager, 2015).
The replication of the DENV genomic RNA involves the synthesis of the negative sense RNA (-ssRNA) intermediate, in which the DENV replication complex uses the genomic +ssRNA as a template to synthesize a complementary -ssRNA molecule. Subsequently, this -ssRNA serves as a template for the production of new +ssRNA genomes. Newly synthesized genomic +ssRNA molecules can be used for further translation, to produce more viral proteins, or can be packaged into new virions.
The DENV genomic +ssRNA is 5â²-capped with a unique 5â²-stem-loop structure (SLA for stem-loop A), which is essential for RNA replication and 5â² capping. The fate of viral RNA during translation, replication and assembly is reviewed in Hodge et al., 2019 and Abram et al., 2024.
The genetic material of the Dengue virus (DENV) is a positive sense single-strand RNA molecule (+ssRNA) that, upon release into the host cell cytosol, can directly be translated by host cell ribosomes (reviewed in Rodenhuis-Zybert et al. 2010). The translation of the DENV genomic RNA produces a single polyprotein that is co- and post-translationally cleaved by both viral and host proteases into three structural proteins (C, prM, E) and seven nonstructural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5) (reviewed in Rodenhuis-Zybert et al. 2010). The polyprotein's signal- and stop-transfer sequences direct its back-and-forth translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (reviewed in Rodenhuis-Zybert et al. 2010).
The DENV replication complex assembles at and is anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, where it forms specialized structures called replication vesicles or replication organelles (reviewed in Paul & Bartenschlager, 2015).
The replication of the DENV genomic RNA involves the synthesis of the negative sense RNA (-ssRNA) intermediate, in which the DENV replication complex uses the genomic +ssRNA as a template to synthesize a complementary -ssRNA molecule. Subsequently, this -ssRNA serves as a template for the production of new +ssRNA genomes. Newly synthesized genomic +ssRNA molecules can be used for further translation, to produce more viral proteins, or can be packaged into new virions.
The DENV genomic +ssRNA is 5â²-capped with a unique 5â²-stem-loop structure (SLA for stem-loop A), which is essential for RNA replication and 5â² capping. The fate of viral RNA during translation, replication and assembly is reviewed in Hodge et al., 2019 and Abram et al., 2024.
所含基因
39 个基因