BTLA协同抑制
中文名称
通路描述
BTLA（B和T淋巴细胞衰减素）是一种协同抑制受体，在调节免疫反应、维持免疫稳态和防止自身免疫方面发挥关键作用。BTLA与其配体HVEM（疱疹病毒进入介质）相互作用，HVEM属于肿瘤坏死因子受体（TNFR）家族。当与HVEM结合时，BTLA招募Src结构域2（SH2）结构域磷酸酶SHP-1和SHP-2到其细胞质尾部。这些磷酸酶去磷酸化T细胞受体（TCR）下游的关键信号分子，有效地减弱TCR介导的信号传导并抑制T细胞激活。该信号通路对于调节免疫反应至关重要，特别是在维持外周耐受性和防止T细胞过度激活导致自身免疫疾病方面。BTLA在各种免疫细胞上表达，包括T细胞、B细胞和树突状细胞，其功能类似于其他免疫检查点分子如CTLA-4和PD-1，但具有独特的结构和功能特性。BTLA与HVEM的相互作用还影响其他免疫细胞的功能。例如，HVEM在许多细胞类型上表达，包括T细胞、B细胞和髓系细胞，其与BTLA的相互作用可在特定背景下调节免疫反应。这种复杂的相互作用对于微调免疫反应并确保免疫激活适当调节至关重要。
英文描述
Co-inhibition by BTLA BTLA (B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator) is a co-inhibitory receptor that plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses, maintaining immune homeostasis, and preventing autoimmunity. BTLA interacts with its ligand, HVEM (Herpesvirus Entry Mediator), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family. Upon engagement with HVEM, BTLA recruits the Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2 to its cytoplasmic tail. These phosphatases dephosphorylate key signaling molecules downstream of the T cell receptor (TCR), effectively dampening TCR-mediated signaling and inhibiting T cell activation.
This signaling pathway is essential for modulating the immune response, particularly in maintaining peripheral tolerance and preventing the overactivation of T cells that can lead to autoimmune diseases. BTLA is expressed on various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells, and it functions similarly to other immune checkpoint molecules like CTLA-4 and PD-1, but it has unique structural and functional properties.
BTLA's interaction with HVEM also influences the function of other immune cells. For instance, HVEM is expressed on many cell types, including T cells, B cells, and myeloid cells, and its interaction with BTLA can modulate the immune response in a context-dependent manner. This complex interplay is crucial for fine-tuning immune responses and ensuring that immune activation is appropriately regulated.
This signaling pathway is essential for modulating the immune response, particularly in maintaining peripheral tolerance and preventing the overactivation of T cells that can lead to autoimmune diseases. BTLA is expressed on various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells, and it functions similarly to other immune checkpoint molecules like CTLA-4 and PD-1, but it has unique structural and functional properties.
BTLA's interaction with HVEM also influences the function of other immune cells. For instance, HVEM is expressed on many cell types, including T cells, B cells, and myeloid cells, and its interaction with BTLA can modulate the immune response in a context-dependent manner. This complex interplay is crucial for fine-tuning immune responses and ensuring that immune activation is appropriately regulated.
所含基因
4 个基因