泛醌和其他萜类醌生物合成
中文名称
通路描述
泛醌（UQ），也称为辅酶 Q，和 Plastocyanin（PQ）分别在氧化磷酸化和光合作用中作为电子载体。泛醌的醌核源自香豆酸途径；在细菌中，4-羟基苯甲酸直接由香豆酸形成，而在酵母中，它可由香豆酸或酪氨酸形成。萜类基团的生物合成涉及前萜化、脱羧和三种羟基化反应，交替进行三次甲基化。这些反应在细菌和酵母中的顺序有所不同。黄柏醌（维生素 K1）、甲萘醌（维生素 K2）和生育酚（维生素 E）是脂溶性维生素。黄柏醌是所有光合作用植物中存在的一种化合物，作为光系统 I 介导的电子传递的辅因子。甲萘醌是细菌中电子传递途径的必需组成部分。
英文描述
Ubiquinone (UQ), also called coenzyme Q, and plastoquinone (PQ) are electron carriers in oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis, respectively. The quinoid nucleus of ubiquinone is derived from the shikimate pathway; 4-hydroxybenzoate is directly formed from chorismate in bacteria, while it can be formed from either chorismate or tyrosine in yeast. The following biosynthesis of terpenoid moiety involves reactions of prenylation, decarboxylation, and three hydroxylations alternating with three methylations. The order of these reactions are somewhat different between bacteria and yeast. Phylloquinone (vitamin K1), menaquinone (vitamin K2), and tocopherol (vitamin E) are fat-soluble vitamins. Phylloquinone is a compound present in all photosynthetic plants serving as a cofactor for photosystem I-mediated electron transport. Menaquinone is an obligatory component of the electron-transfer pathway in bacteria.
所含基因
12 个基因