RHO GTPases 激活 NADPH 氧化酶
中文名称
通路描述
NADPH 氧化酶（NOX）是膜结合酶复合物，利用 NADPH 作为电子供体还原氧气产生超氧化物（O2-），该物质作为次要信使（Brown and Griendling 2009）。NOX2 复合物由 CYBB（NOX2）、CYBA（p22phox）、NCF1（p47phox）、NCF2（p67phox）和 NCF4（p40ohox）组成。RAC1:GTP 在 VEGF 信号响应下直接与 CYBB 和 NCF2 结合，通过 VEGFR2 增强 VEGF 信号，参与血管生成（Price et al. 2002, Bedard and Krause 2007）。RAC2:GTP 也能通过结合 CYBB 和 NCF2 激活 NOX2 复合物，导致中性粒细胞吞噬体内产生超氧化物，这是中性粒细胞抗菌活性的必要条件（Knaus et al. 1991, Roberts et al. 1999, Kim and Dinauer 2001, Jyoti et al. 2014）。NOX1 复合物（由 NOX1、NOXA1、NOXO1 和 CYBA 组成）和 NOX3 复合物（由 NOX3、CYBA、NCF1 和 NCF2 或 NOXA1 组成）也可通过结合 RAC1:GTP 被激活，产生超氧化物（Cheng et al. 2006, Miyano et al. 2006, Ueyama et al. 2006）。
英文描述
Biosynthesis of mammalian O-mannosyl glycans is initiated by the transfer of mannose from mannose-P-Dol to serine or threonine residue, followed by extensions with N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and galactose (Gal) to generate core M1, M2 and M3 glycans. Core M1 and M2 glycans can then be further attached by fucose residues, sialic acid terminals and sulfatded glucuroinc acid terminals. Core M3 glycan is involved in the synthesis of alpha-dystroglycan, a heavily glycosylated protein found in muscle and brain tissues. Core M3 glycan contains a tandem repeat of ribitol 5-phosphate (Rbo5P) and -alpha3-GlcA-beta3-Xyl- repeating structures. Defects of genes encoding core glycans and modified core M3 glycans are associated with various congenital diseases, such as muscular dystrophies caused by reduced O-mannosylation of alpha-dystroglycan in skeletal muscles [DS:H00120].
所含基因
23 个基因