RNA降解
中文名称
通路描述
细胞内RNA分子的正确加工、质量控制和周转对于遗传信息的表达至关重要。在真核生物中，存在两条主要的mRNA降解途径，且两条途径均由mRNA的poly(A)尾缩短启动。在5'到3'途径中，随后发生去帽，从而允许5'到3'外切酶降解转录本。在3'到5'途径中，外切酶（exosome）发挥关键作用。外切酶存在于真核生物中，也在原核生物中存在。在原核生物中，内切核糖核酸酶E（RNase E）是RNA降解和加工的关键酶，它组织成称为degradosome的蛋白质复合物。RNase E或R与磷酸依赖性的外切核糖核酸酶多核苷酸磷酸化酶、DEAD盒解旋酶以及RNA降解复合物中的其他因子相互作用。
英文描述
Base excision repair (BER) is the predominant DNA damage repair pathway for the processing of small base lesions, derived from oxidation and alkylation damages. BER is normally defined as DNA repair initiated by lesion-specific DNA glycosylases and completed by either of the two sub-pathways: short-patch BER where only one nucleotide is replaced and long-patch BER where 2-13 nucleotides are replaced. Each sub-pathway of BER relies on the formation of protein complexes that assemble at the site of the DNA lesion and facilitate repair in a coordinated fashion. This process of complex formation appears to provide an increase in specificity and efficiency to the BER pathway, thereby facilitating the maintenance of genome integrity by preventing the accumulation of highly toxic repair intermediates.
所含基因
44 个基因